xtr.h

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#ifndef CRYPTOPP_XTR_H
#define CRYPTOPP_XTR_H

/** \file
        "The XTR public key system" by Arjen K. Lenstra and Eric R. Verheul
*/

#include "modarith.h"

NAMESPACE_BEGIN(CryptoPP)

//! an element of GF(p^2)
class GFP2Element
{
public:
        GFP2Element() {}
        GFP2Element(const Integer &c1, const Integer &c2) : c1(c1), c2(c2) {}
        GFP2Element(const byte *encodedElement, unsigned int size)
                : c1(encodedElement, size/2), c2(encodedElement+size/2, size/2) {}

        void Encode(byte *encodedElement, unsigned int size)
        {
                c1.Encode(encodedElement, size/2);
                c2.Encode(encodedElement+size/2, size/2);
        }

        bool operator==(const GFP2Element &rhs) const {return c1 == rhs.c1 && c2 == rhs.c2;}
        bool operator!=(const GFP2Element &rhs) const {return !operator==(rhs);}

        void swap(GFP2Element &a)
        {
                c1.swap(a.c1);
                c2.swap(a.c2);
        }

        static const GFP2Element & Zero();

        Integer c1, c2;
};

//! GF(p^2), optimal normal basis
template <class F>
class GFP2_ONB : public AbstractRing<GFP2Element>
{
public:
        typedef F BaseField;

        GFP2_ONB(const Integer &p) : modp(p)
        {
                if (p%3 != 2)
                        throw InvalidArgument("GFP2_ONB: modulus must be equivalent to 2 mod 3");
        }

        const Integer& GetModulus() const {return modp.GetModulus();}

        GFP2Element ConvertIn(const Integer &a) const
        {
                t = modp.Inverse(modp.ConvertIn(a));
                return GFP2Element(t, t);
        }

        GFP2Element ConvertIn(const GFP2Element &a) const
                {return GFP2Element(modp.ConvertIn(a.c1), modp.ConvertIn(a.c2));}

        GFP2Element ConvertOut(const GFP2Element &a) const
                {return GFP2Element(modp.ConvertOut(a.c1), modp.ConvertOut(a.c2));}

        bool Equal(const GFP2Element &a, const GFP2Element &b) const
        {
                return modp.Equal(a.c1, b.c1) && modp.Equal(a.c2, b.c2);
        }

        const Element& Identity() const
        {
                return GFP2Element::Zero();
        }

        const Element& Add(const Element &a, const Element &b) const
        {
                result.c1 = modp.Add(a.c1, b.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Add(a.c2, b.c2);
                return result;
        }

        const Element& Inverse(const Element &a) const
        {
                result.c1 = modp.Inverse(a.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Inverse(a.c2);
                return result;
        }

        const Element& Double(const Element &a) const
        {
                result.c1 = modp.Double(a.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Double(a.c2);
                return result;
        }

        const Element& Subtract(const Element &a, const Element &b) const
        {
                result.c1 = modp.Subtract(a.c1, b.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Subtract(a.c2, b.c2);
                return result;
        }

        Element& Accumulate(Element &a, const Element &b) const
        {
                modp.Accumulate(a.c1, b.c1);
                modp.Accumulate(a.c2, b.c2);
                return a;
        }

        Element& Reduce(Element &a, const Element &b) const
        {
                modp.Reduce(a.c1, b.c1);
                modp.Reduce(a.c2, b.c2);
                return a;
        }

        bool IsUnit(const Element &a) const
        {
                return a.c1.NotZero() || a.c2.NotZero();
        }

        const Element& MultiplicativeIdentity() const
        {
                result.c1 = result.c2 = modp.Inverse(modp.MultiplicativeIdentity());
                return result;
        }

        const Element& Multiply(const Element &a, const Element &b) const
        {
                t = modp.Add(a.c1, a.c2);
                t = modp.Multiply(t, modp.Add(b.c1, b.c2));
                result.c1 = modp.Multiply(a.c1, b.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Multiply(a.c2, b.c2);
                result.c1.swap(result.c2);
                modp.Reduce(t, result.c1);
                modp.Reduce(t, result.c2);
                modp.Reduce(result.c1, t);
                modp.Reduce(result.c2, t);
                return result;
        }

        const Element& MultiplicativeInverse(const Element &a) const
        {
                return result = Exponentiate(a, modp.GetModulus()-2);
        }

        const Element& Square(const Element &a) const
        {
                const Integer &ac1 = (&a == &result) ? (t = a.c1) : a.c1;
                result.c1 = modp.Multiply(modp.Subtract(modp.Subtract(a.c2, a.c1), a.c1), a.c2);
                result.c2 = modp.Multiply(modp.Subtract(modp.Subtract(ac1, a.c2), a.c2), ac1);
                return result;
        }

        Element Exponentiate(const Element &a, const Integer &e) const
        {
                Integer edivp, emodp;
                Integer::Divide(emodp, edivp, e, modp.GetModulus());
                Element b = PthPower(a);
                return AbstractRing<GFP2Element>::CascadeExponentiate(a, emodp, b, edivp);
        }

        const Element & PthPower(const Element &a) const
        {
                result = a;
                result.c1.swap(result.c2);
                return result;
        }

        void RaiseToPthPower(Element &a) const
        {
                a.c1.swap(a.c2);
        }

        // a^2 - 2a^p
        const Element & SpecialOperation1(const Element &a) const
        {
                assert(&a != &result);
                result = Square(a);
                modp.Reduce(result.c1, a.c2);
                modp.Reduce(result.c1, a.c2);
                modp.Reduce(result.c2, a.c1);
                modp.Reduce(result.c2, a.c1);
                return result;
        }

        // x * z - y * z^p
        const Element & SpecialOperation2(const Element &x, const Element &y, const Element &z) const
        {
                assert(&x != &result && &y != &result && &z != &result);
                t = modp.Add(x.c2, y.c2);
                result.c1 = modp.Multiply(z.c1, modp.Subtract(y.c1, t));
                modp.Accumulate(result.c1, modp.Multiply(z.c2, modp.Subtract(t, x.c1)));
                t = modp.Add(x.c1, y.c1);
                result.c2 = modp.Multiply(z.c2, modp.Subtract(y.c2, t));
                modp.Accumulate(result.c2, modp.Multiply(z.c1, modp.Subtract(t, x.c2)));
                return result;
        }

protected:
        BaseField modp;
        mutable GFP2Element result;
        mutable Integer t;
};

void XTR_FindPrimesAndGenerator(RandomNumberGenerator &rng, Integer &p, Integer &q, GFP2Element &g, unsigned int pbits, unsigned int qbits);

GFP2Element XTR_Exponentiate(const GFP2Element &b, const Integer &e, const Integer &p);

NAMESPACE_END

#endif

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